. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. s\^sr^fWu Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief. Washington, D. C. April 23, 1921 THE TURKEY AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE SPREAD OF By B. H. Ransom, Chief, Zoological Division. CONTENTS. Page. Examination of market chickens and turkeys 1 Experimental work 3 Factors in the spread of gape- worms 7 Investigations on Maryland farms 8 Page. Significance of turkeys in relation to gapes formerly unrecognized— 10 Turkey the preferred host of the gapeworm 10 How to avoid losses in chick
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. s\^sr^fWu Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief. Washington, D. C. April 23, 1921 THE TURKEY AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE SPREAD OF By B. H. Ransom, Chief, Zoological Division. CONTENTS. Page. Examination of market chickens and turkeys 1 Experimental work 3 Factors in the spread of gape- worms 7 Investigations on Maryland farms 8 Page. Significance of turkeys in relation to gapes formerly unrecognized— 10 Turkey the preferred host of the gapeworm 10 How to avoid losses in chickens 11 Conclusions 12 List of references 13 EXAMINATION OF MARKET CHICKENS AND TURKEYS. "POR THE PURPOSE of collecting some statistics on the preva- lence of gapeworms {Syngamus trachealis) in the vicinity of Washington, D. C, and of obtaining material for use in experiments, examinations were made of the tracheas of 635 chickens killed for sale at poultry stalls in Center Market during the latter half of December, 1916, and the months of January and February, 1917. Nothing definite is known as to the ages of these chickens except that the chickens were all obviously large enough for food purposes. Probably none were less than six months old, most of them likely were older, and no doubt many were a year old or more. No gape- worms were found. At the same time the tracheas of turkeys from the same market were similarly examined. The ages of the turkeys, as in the case of the chickens, were uncertain, but undoubtedly all the turkeys were at least 6 months old, and many of them were probably more than a year old. During the period mentioned the tracheas from 386 tur- keys were examined. The next year, beginning March 2, 1918, an- 1 The writer is greatly indebted to Dr. Lawrence Avery, of the Bureau of Animal In- dustry, for assistance rendered in carrying out the investigations reported in this paper. 22888°—21—Bull. 939 1. Please note that these images are extracted f
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