The principles of health control . deposited in vaultsor cesspools which are so situated that underground drain-age may convey them to wells and cisterns. Properlylocated and constructed vaults and cesspools are permis-sible, but on account of the uncertainty of undergrounddrainage they are a source of danger where people live inclose proximity to one another. The device illustrated CONTROL THROUGH ENVIRONMENT 375 in Fig. 80, when properly installed, is considered both safeand convenient. The Sewerage System. — For the disposal of intestinaland kidney excreta and of household wastes generally,
The principles of health control . deposited in vaultsor cesspools which are so situated that underground drain-age may convey them to wells and cisterns. Properlylocated and constructed vaults and cesspools are permis-sible, but on account of the uncertainty of undergrounddrainage they are a source of danger where people live inclose proximity to one another. The device illustrated CONTROL THROUGH ENVIRONMENT 375 in Fig. 80, when properly installed, is considered both safeand convenient. The Sewerage System. — For the disposal of intestinaland kidney excreta and of household wastes generally,especially in cities and villages, no method equals that ofan underground systemof drainage pipes witha common outlet. Insuch a system the drainsmust be sufficientlylarge to avoid clogging,and in order to preventthe escape of fluid andthe penetration into thepipes of the roots oftrees, the separate jointsshould be securelycemented traps must beinstalled wherever con-nections are made with houses in order to avoid1. Fig. 80.—A Sanitary Method ofSewerage Disposal for a private dwell-ing. Solid matter remains in the water-tight septic tank where it and the soluble organic matter,through a system of loose-jointed,underground tile, irrigate and fertilizethe lawn or the garden. All pipesshould be far enough below the surfaceto prevent freezing. (From HealthBulletin No. 2, issued by the IndianaState Board of Health.)sewer The main problem in the use of the public sewer, however, is thefinal disposition of the wastes. The common practiceof emptying them directly into streams is highly ob-jectionable, especially when the water from these is tobe used for domestic purposes. Purification of Sewage Water. — A number of methodsfor the purification of sewage water2 have been pro- 1 Though not poisonous and germ laden, as was at one time supposed,escaping sewer gas is objectionable on account of its offensive odor. 2 For a full discussion of this import
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjecthygiene, bookyear1920
