. Bulletin. Ethnology. increasing wariness. The material used for liooks by the Indians was wood, bone, shell, stone, antl copper. The Mohave eniplo3'ed the recurved spines of certain species of cactus, which are natural hooks. Data on the arche- ology of the fish- hook have been gathered from the Ohio mounds and the shell-heaps of Santa Barbara, Cal., unbarbed hooks of bone having been found on a number of Ohio sites and gorge hooks atSanta Barl)ara. The fish- hook of recent times may be best studied among the x. Pa- cific tribes and the Eskimo of Alaska. The INIakah of Wash- ington have a mo
. Bulletin. Ethnology. increasing wariness. The material used for liooks by the Indians was wood, bone, shell, stone, antl copper. The Mohave eniplo3'ed the recurved spines of certain species of cactus, which are natural hooks. Data on the arche- ology of the fish- hook have been gathered from the Ohio mounds and the shell-heaps of Santa Barbara, Cal., unbarbed hooks of bone having been found on a number of Ohio sites and gorge hooks atSanta Barl)ara. The fish- hook of recent times may be best studied among the x. Pa- cific tribes and the Eskimo of Alaska. The INIakah of Wash- ington have a modified form of the gorge hook, consisting of a sharpened spine of bone attached with a ]>ine-root lash to a whalebone. British Columbian and s. Alaskan tribes used either a simple hook of bent wood having a barb lashed to a point, or a compound hook consistingof a shank of wood, a splint of pine- root lashed at an angle of 45° to its lower end, and a simple or barbed spike of bone, wood, iron, or copper lashed or set on the outer end of the splint. Eskimo hooks consisted frequently of a shank of bone with a curved, sharpened spike of metal set in the lower end, or several spikes were set in, forming a gig. Usu- ally, however, the Eskimo hook had the upper half of its shank made of stone and the lower half of ivory, in which the unbarbed curved spike of metal was set, the parts being fastened together by lashings of split quill. A leader of quill was attached to the hook and a bait of cral> carapace was hung above the spike. This is the most complex hook known in aboriginal America. Lines and poles varied like the hook with the customs of the fishermen, the habits of the fish, and the environment. The Eskimo used lines of knotted lengths of whalebone quill, hair, or sinew; the HOOK;Arkan- sas; Actual Size, (hau) (rau) Pacific tribes, lines of twisted bark, pine root, and kelp; and other tribes lines of twisted fiber. Short poles or none were used by the p]skimo and x.
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