Laying out for boiler makers and sheet metal workers; a practical treatise on the layout of boilers, stacks, tanks, pipes, elbows, and miscellaneous sheet metal work . he diameter at the rootof the thread would be inches and the brace would begood for 14,769 pounds. Thus, the more threads per inch that are cut the stronger the brace is at the threaded part, since the threads are not as deep. I TO FIND THE AREA OF A SEGMENT. In this also authorities difler and different results are ob-tained by using different rules. Rule i: H = Height of the segment in inches. C = Length of the chord of
Laying out for boiler makers and sheet metal workers; a practical treatise on the layout of boilers, stacks, tanks, pipes, elbows, and miscellaneous sheet metal work . he diameter at the rootof the thread would be inches and the brace would begood for 14,769 pounds. Thus, the more threads per inch that are cut the stronger the brace is at the threaded part, since the threads are not as deep. I TO FIND THE AREA OF A SEGMENT. In this also authorities difler and different results are ob-tained by using different rules. Rule i: H = Height of the segment in inches. C = Length of the chord of the segment in inches. A = Area of the segment in square inches. Formula : H 2C X H + = A 2C 3 Assuming that the segment is one-half the head we willfigure this rule out. Substituting values we have 120 . 3 In order to ascertain just how correct this rule is wc willfind the area by squaring the diameter and multiplying thisproduct by the constant .7854, which will equal the area for thewhole circle. Dividing by 2 will then give the area of thesegment. Example: 60 X 60 X 7854 = squtire inches. 2We find that the two rules are nearly alike, and as the seg-. FIG. 28. SKETCH SKOWING TH1£ EOUlV.\LENT AREA BRACED BY THE UPPER ROWS OF TUBES. ment to be braced is usually only a small part of the semi-circle the difference is yet smaller. Another rule is to find the area of the semi-circle and to sub-tract from it the equilateral space. This does not give theexact result, but nearly all rules are sufficiently accurate for thepurpose. Special Note:—The examples given are taken as if thewhole segment were being braced. This is done merely toexplain the rules clearly. INDIRECT BRACES. Indirect or diagonal braces of different kinds, either of ironor steel, are being extensively used in tubular boiler construc-tion. The iron braces are usually welded, while the steelbraces are without welds. The latter ha\e, from practical andscientific tests, proven themselves from 30 to 50 percen
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