Illustration of the US physicist Carl Wieman (born 1951). Wieman obtained his doctorate from Stanford University in 1977. In the early 1990s, at the University of Colorado Boulder, his research group combined lasers and magnetic traps to cool matter very close to absolute zero. They succeeded in creating a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter predicted to exist at these low temperatures. In the same year Wolfgang Ketterle created a BEC from sodium atoms. Wieman, Cornell and Wolfgang Ketterle shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work.

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Photo credit: © GARY BROWN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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