. F. Ax. F. Fig. 177.—Lesions of exudative pericarditis produced by a foreign body. Eelation of the pericardium to the sternum and ensiform cartilage. Pericardium opened. D, diaphragm ; Oil, oedema of the dewlap, Kx, ensiform cartilage ; F, liver ; V&, gall bladder ; 1, posterior lobe of the lung, drawn backwards ; 2, cardiac lobe ; 3, anterior lobe ; E, spot where the foreign body penetrated, towards the point of the peri- cardium, between the neck of the ensiform cartilage and the circle of the hypo- chondrium. only separated from the xiphoid region, or rather from the region of the neck


. F. Ax. F. Fig. 177.—Lesions of exudative pericarditis produced by a foreign body. Eelation of the pericardium to the sternum and ensiform cartilage. Pericardium opened. D, diaphragm ; Oil, oedema of the dewlap, Kx, ensiform cartilage ; F, liver ; V&, gall bladder ; 1, posterior lobe of the lung, drawn backwards ; 2, cardiac lobe ; 3, anterior lobe ; E, spot where the foreign body penetrated, towards the point of the peri- cardium, between the neck of the ensiform cartilage and the circle of the hypo- chondrium. only separated from the xiphoid region, or rather from the region of the neck of the xiphoid appendix of the sternum, by the fatty cushion at the point of the heart. A glance at the annexed diagram (Fig. 177) will show this. The diagram, carefully reproduced from an anatomical preparation of an animal which succumbed to pericarditis, shows that the distended pericardium extends close to the neck of the xiphoid cartilage. First stage. Identify the three following anatomical guiding points:— (1.) Xiphoid appendix and white line. (2.) Point at which the circle of


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