. Comparative embryology of the vertebrates; with 2057 drawings and photos. grouped as 380 illus. Vertebrates -- Embryology; Comparative embryology. TRABECULA CRANII CENTRAL STEM SPHENOLATERAL (ORBITAL) CARTILAGE HYPOPHYSIAL STALK HYPOPHYSIAL POLAR CARTILAGE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY NOTOCHORD PARACHORDAL CARTILAGE AUDITORY CAPSULE. Fig. 320. Diagrams of basic cartilaginous underpinning or foundation of the vertebrate neurocranium. (Somewhat modified from De Beer, '37, after De Beer and Woodger.) (A) Pisces. (B) Placenta! mammals. It is to be observed that the trabecula cranii in th
. Comparative embryology of the vertebrates; with 2057 drawings and photos. grouped as 380 illus. Vertebrates -- Embryology; Comparative embryology. TRABECULA CRANII CENTRAL STEM SPHENOLATERAL (ORBITAL) CARTILAGE HYPOPHYSIAL STALK HYPOPHYSIAL POLAR CARTILAGE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY NOTOCHORD PARACHORDAL CARTILAGE AUDITORY CAPSULE. Fig. 320. Diagrams of basic cartilaginous underpinning or foundation of the vertebrate neurocranium. (Somewhat modified from De Beer, '37, after De Beer and Woodger.) (A) Pisces. (B) Placenta! mammals. It is to be observed that the trabecula cranii in the fish is represented by the central stem or trabecular plate in the mammal. most amphibia and in the reptiles, birds, and mammals, the notochord tends to be entirely displaced by the vertebrae, and its residual remains are restricted within or between the vertebrae. In mammals, the residual remainder of the notochord constitutes the nucleus pulposus (pulpy nucleus) near the center of the fibrocartilage of the intervertebral disc. In the human, according to Terry, '42, p. 288, the pulpy nucleus forms a "pivot round which the bodies of the vertebrae can twist or ; b) Vertebrae. Vertebrae, the distinct segments of which the spinal column consists, arise from sclerotomic mesenchyme, derived from the ventro-mesial aspects of the various somites (fig. 252A-D). Potentially, this sclerotomic mesenchyme in each primitive segment becomes segregated into eight masses, four on either side of the notochord. These eight masses or blocks of mesen- chyme form the arcualia. The arcualia become arranged in relation to the notochord and the developing intermuscular septa as indicated in figure 321 A. These masses are designated as basidorsals and basiventrals, interdorsals and interventrals. Thus there are two basidorsals, two basiventrals, two interdor- sals, and two interventrals. During the formation of the vertebra in mammals, the sclerotomic masses within a primitive body
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