. The chordates. Chordata. Pylorus' NGizzard muscle Keratoid layer Fig. 412. (Left) Stomach of turkey, a grain-eating bird. (Right) Stomach of buzzard, a flesh-eating bird. Diagrammatic sections. (After Kingsley: "Compara- tive Anatomy of Vertebrates," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) crop and mingled with digestive fluids derived from the proventriculus, is subjected to the vigorous crushing and grinding action of the muscu- lar gizzard. It is the common habit of these birds to swallow small pebbles or other hard indigestible objects which assist in the grinding process. The gi
. The chordates. Chordata. Pylorus' NGizzard muscle Keratoid layer Fig. 412. (Left) Stomach of turkey, a grain-eating bird. (Right) Stomach of buzzard, a flesh-eating bird. Diagrammatic sections. (After Kingsley: "Compara- tive Anatomy of Vertebrates," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) crop and mingled with digestive fluids derived from the proventriculus, is subjected to the vigorous crushing and grinding action of the muscu- lar gizzard. It is the common habit of these birds to swallow small pebbles or other hard indigestible objects which assist in the grinding process. The gizzard is more or less well developed in insectivorous birds. Hard-shelled beetles must be crushed before they can be di- gested. Obviously the gizzard serves in place of teeth. It is least differ- entiated in birds of prey (eagle, hawk, owl, gull), in which its muscular layer is relatively thin and no hard lining is produced. The length of the intestine varies from twice to several times the total length of the bird, in general being longer in vegetarians than in carnivores. Two main regions are recognized, the anterior small in- testine and the posterior large intestine, the "small" and "large". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Rand, Herbert W. (Herbert Wilbur), 1872-1960. Philadelphia : Blakiston
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