China: Confucius (551– 479 BCE), celebrated Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period. Illustration, c. 19th century. The philosophy of Confucius (Kong Zi, K'ung-tzu, K'ung-fu-tzu) emphasises personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. It was introduced to Europe by the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius".

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