. Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. New York State College of Agriculture; Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Fig. 38.—Cotton fibers chloric acid (muriatic acid) and sodium hydroxid (lye), both of which if strong can almost instantly eat holes in any fabric and even into flesh itself, are united in certain proportions a harmless salt, common table salt, is formed. The bases chiefly used in the laundry are known as alkalis. The chief household alkalis are ly
. Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. New York State College of Agriculture; Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Fig. 38.—Cotton fibers chloric acid (muriatic acid) and sodium hydroxid (lye), both of which if strong can almost instantly eat holes in any fabric and even into flesh itself, are united in certain proportions a harmless salt, common table salt, is formed. The bases chiefly used in the laundry are known as alkalis. The chief household alkalis are lye, washing soda, ammonia, and borax. Cotton and linen The soft fibrous material covering the seeds of the cotton plant is known as cotton. If a single mature cotton fiber were examined under the microscope, it would show itself to be a long, flattened, twisted tube, thicker at the edges than in the middle. Its hollow, twisted con- dition gives to cotton a character- istic lightness and elasticity, making it suitable for the manu- facture of fine yams. Linen is a product of the flax plant. A linen fiber under the microscope looks like a long, transparent tube with thick, smooth walls and a central canal. Fabric made from linen is stronger and more lustrous than that made from cotton and is a better conductor of heat. Both cotton and linen consist for the most part of a plant substance, cellulose, and they respond similarly to chemical sub- stances or to cleansing agents. Action oj acids on cotton and linen.— Strong mineral acids have an eating (corrosive) action on cotton and linen; if they are allowed to eat for any length of time, the fabrics are entirely destroyed. Such eating, or corrosion, is greatly increased by heat. Cold dilute mineral acids affect the fabrics but little if the acid is thoroughly washed out immedi- ately after its use, but the cloth may be seri- ously injured if the acid is allowed to dry on it. The appearance of the cloth may not undergo any change,
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