. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . Fig. 31. Liming Macliiiie. liquor comes against the Ballle plate or bonnet P, it showers overthe surface of the material which is contained in tlie kier, gradu-ally leaches through it, passes through the false bottom, and isfinally brought to the top again through BB. The great loss of lieat from this kier by radiation, and thelarge amount of steam necessary to keep up the circulation, 1(m1 tothe introdu
. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . Fig. 31. Liming Macliiiie. liquor comes against the Ballle plate or bonnet P, it showers overthe surface of the material which is contained in tlie kier, gradu-ally leaches through it, passes through the false bottom, and isfinally brought to the top again through BB. The great loss of lieat from this kier by radiation, and thelarge amount of steam necessary to keep up the circulation, 1(m1 tothe introduction of the so-called closed Low i*r<^ssnie Kiel, Figs. 73 64 TEXTILE CHEMISTRY AND DYEING. 34 and 35 serving as an example. In this form of kier the topmay l)e closed tight and the boiling done under a slight pressure,say of 5 to 10 lbs., or a vent pipe is sometimes introduced in thetop which allo^vs the boiling to take place at atmospheric pres-sure. The circulation of the liquor in the kier is kept up in thisway. Steam enteis the injector B. thiough the pipe C, and thesteam in passing u^) through the central pipe I), carries witli it. Fig. 31 A. Cross Section of Fio-. 31. che liquor which is constantly flowing from the bottom of the kierinto tlie injector througli the pipe A. Through the valve E, thecontents of the kier may be discharged after the boiling. The gain in economy of tliis kier was slight, but neverthelessmany of the older bleachers liold to this form, and it is not un-connnon at the pi-esent time to find bleacheries using low pressurekiers of some type or other. Open kiers liave the advantage of 74
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