. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 68 _> DANA M. SCOTT AND C. W. MAJOR mussel was then analyzed for copper. Control animals from sea water tanks con- taining no copper were also analyzed. Detoxification mechanisms Warburg runs were made as indicated with Cu(II) levels at and mg/ml. After 90 minutes the original organisms were removed and replaced with two new mussels, the flasks closed off, and oxygen measurement resumed. The procedure was repeated four times at each of the two Cu(II) levels. Depression of the respiratory rate would then be a measu
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 68 _> DANA M. SCOTT AND C. W. MAJOR mussel was then analyzed for copper. Control animals from sea water tanks con- taining no copper were also analyzed. Detoxification mechanisms Warburg runs were made as indicated with Cu(II) levels at and mg/ml. After 90 minutes the original organisms were removed and replaced with two new mussels, the flasks closed off, and oxygen measurement resumed. The procedure was repeated four times at each of the two Cu(II) levels. Depression of the respiratory rate would then be a measure of the toxicity remaining in the sea water. A second procedure was also employed. Whole M. cdulis were homogenized in sea water for five minutes using a standard teflon pestle tissue grinder in a glass vessel. They were then made up to 10/-c wt/vol with additional sea water. Of this homogenate. ml was then added to and nig/1 copper-sea water solutions whose volume was equivalent to the volumes used in the Warburg runs. en 100 o o 80 O 60 o LJ CO < CD 40 CO I 20 0 0. 12 14 4 6 8 10 ^ DAYS OF EXPOSURE FIGURE 1. Toxicity experiment, 10° C. The mixture was then incubated at 10° C in air for 90 minutes, centrifuged in a clinical centrifuge at 1800 g for 15 minutes, and the supernatant used as the incu- bation medium for the standard Warburg procedures already described. Each supernatant was tested for toxicity four times by this standard Warburg proce- dure. Depression of respiration would indicate the persistence of toxicity. Heart rate studies Heart rates -e obtained by cutting small (2 cm X 2 cm) windows in the left valve directly over the beating heart. All rates were measured at 10° C and only ventricular beats were counted. Schlieper (1955) has shown that when the shell of M. ednlis closed, the heart rate may be reduced fourteenfold. The de- creased heart rate as noted by Schlieper was not observed although there were frequent periods during which the hear
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