A Reference handbook of the medical sciences embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . Fig. 5008. —Small Looped Veins passing Over the Femoral Artery,forming a Double Femoral Vein. CR. Quain.) to the inner side and sepai-ately from the inferior cava;this, as mentioned above, is the normal course when thevena cava is aKsent or its place is taken by a persistentcardinal vein. Umbilical Vein.—This vein has occasionally beenfound patent for a variable distance below the liver. Itmay communicate with the epigastric, and thus estab-lish a collateral circula
A Reference handbook of the medical sciences embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . Fig. 5008. —Small Looped Veins passing Over the Femoral Artery,forming a Double Femoral Vein. CR. Quain.) to the inner side and sepai-ately from the inferior cava;this, as mentioned above, is the normal course when thevena cava is aKsent or its place is taken by a persistentcardinal vein. Umbilical Vein.—This vein has occasionally beenfound patent for a variable distance below the liver. Itmay communicate with the epigastric, and thus estab-lish a collateral circulation; this is much more evidentwhen a diseased condition of the liver obstructs thevenous circulation. J. A. RusseP^ reports two cases of persistent commu-nication between the umbilical and portal veins in the. FlO. 5009.—Hepatic Veins from Kight Lobe of the Liver Opening by aCommon Trunk near the Entrance of the Infeilor Vena Cavathrough the Diaphragm. R, Ilifcht auricle; D, line of diaphraRin ;i, liver; 1, vena cava; if, abnormal hepatic veins. (Shepherd.) human subject. F. Champneys describes a communi-cation between iliacandportal veins throughthe epigastric and umbilical veins. This was due, proliiilily, to fusion of Luschkas par-vinbilicalix (which, according to him, always exists nor-mally as a communication between the portal and epi- gastric veins), and the channel was afterward increasedill size by obstruction, due to enlarged liver. A commu-nication of large size between the umbilical and epigas-tric veins is the normal arrangement in many of thelower animals, as the rorqual, seal, sheep, pig, etc., andin man is an early f(etal condition. Numerous exampleshave been recorded of commuuication between the veinsof the abdominal parietes, as the phrenic (azygos, etc.)and
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