. The changing Illinois environment : critical trends : technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Man; Pollution; Environmental protection; Ecology; Environmental impact analysis. HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION major gaseous pollutants, it has no warning propoties such as odor. With increasing concentrations, acute signs and symptoms of injury are headache, dizzi- ness, lassitude, flickering before the eye, ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, pressure on the chest, difficulty in breathing, ^athy, muscular weakness, collapse, unconsciousness, and death (Stem,
. The changing Illinois environment : critical trends : technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Man; Pollution; Environmental protection; Ecology; Environmental impact analysis. HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION major gaseous pollutants, it has no warning propoties such as odor. With increasing concentrations, acute signs and symptoms of injury are headache, dizzi- ness, lassitude, flickering before the eye, ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, pressure on the chest, difficulty in breathing, ^athy, muscular weakness, collapse, unconsciousness, and death (Stem, 1968). Carbon monoxide (CO) is emitted from virtually all sources of incomplete combustion, including internal combustion engines (automobiles, trucks, small gasoline engines); fu'es, both natural and man-made; improperly adjusted gas and oil ap- pliances (space heaters, water heaters, stoves, and ovens); and tobacco smoking. In general the major source of CO is motor vehicles (lEPA, May 1992). Health Effects The toxic effects of high concentrations of CO on the body are well known. Carbon monoxide is absorbed by the lungs and reacts with hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying molecule in the blood) to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). This reaction reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood because the affinity of hemoglobin for CO is more than 200 times greater than that for oxygen. The higher the percent- age of hemoglobin bound up in the form of COHb, the more serious is the health effect The level of COHb in the blood is directly related to the CO con- centration of the inhaled air (lEPA, May, 1992). Evidence exists indicating a possible relationship be- tween CO and heart attacks, cardiovascular disease and fetal development. Evidence also exists indicat- ing a correlation between CO and aggravation of ane- mia, blood disorders, chronic lung diseases and neurological behavioral effects. Individuals with re- duced blood hemoglobin concentrations, or with ab- normal hemoglobin, w
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