. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. Mammals, Fossil; Paleontology. THE MIOCENE OF EUROPE, ASIA, AND NORTH AMERICA 259 (Anas) in its proportions, and the third a very lar2;e, stoutly built form. Tliere were also three different rails (Rallus), smaller than the Oligocene species found in the basin of the Allier, and inclucUng a land-rail and two marsh-loving forms or water-rails. Around the lake borders' browsed the innumerable smaller ruminants, tragulines, and cervulines, the latter with forked horns (Dicrocerus) and present in great specific variety. Frequenting the marshe
. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. Mammals, Fossil; Paleontology. THE MIOCENE OF EUROPE, ASIA, AND NORTH AMERICA 259 (Anas) in its proportions, and the third a very lar2;e, stoutly built form. Tliere were also three different rails (Rallus), smaller than the Oligocene species found in the basin of the Allier, and inclucUng a land-rail and two marsh-loving forms or water-rails. Around the lake borders' browsed the innumerable smaller ruminants, tragulines, and cervulines, the latter with forked horns (Dicrocerus) and present in great specific variety. Frequenting the marshes were three forms of pigs {Hyothcrium, Choerotherium), and the typical Lidriodon with crested teeth like those of a tapir. Several species of fiat-horned antelopes ^ are listed from this horizon. Of the perissodactyls the diceratheres have now disappeared; the anchitheres, tapirs, and rhinoceroses all present more advanced stages. Especi- ally characteristic among the latter is the species Dicerorhinus sansaniensis, a delicate form which supports but two horns, a successor to the Lower Mio- cene D. tagicus. The chalico- theres are in the Macrotherium x»^v^ stage, a complete skeleton hav- I'k;. 130. — Clawed fourth digit of the foot (X^) ing been described from this of the ancylopod perissodactyl ^^^^^^^^^^^ ° _ _ the Middle Miocene of Sansau. After Gaudry. level by Filhol, which enabled him for the first time to prove that the chalicotheres were not edentates, but of composite structure, with the teeth of perissodactyls and claws of digging type. The type of the great Miocene mastodon {T. angustidens) was dis- covered in this famous deposit. Bats, or Cheiroptera (Vespertilio, Rhino- lophus) are numerous. Insectivores also abound, including several modern genera, hedgehogs (Erinaceus), shrews (Sorex, Crocidura), and desmans (Myogale); the latter are very similar to those now found in the Pyrenees and a few localities in Russia. Another insectivore, Galerix (syn
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectpaleontology, bookyea
