India: Shiva as Dakshinamurthy or Jnana Dakshinamurti, Lord of Knowledge, Vijayanagar Dynasty (15th-16th century), Tamil Nadu, 16th century. Dakshinamurthy or Jnana Dakshinamurti (Sanskrit: दक्षिणामूर्ति (Dakṣiṇāmūrti)) is an aspect of Shiva as a guru (teacher) of all types of knowledge, particularly the jnana. This aspect of Shiva is his personification as the supreme or the ultimate awareness, understanding and knowledge. This form represents Shiva in his aspect as a teacher of yoga, music, and wisdom, and giving exposition on the shastras. He is worshipped as the god of wisdom.

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