. Comparative physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 122 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY not confined to muscles which have a sympathetic innervation ; and the validity of arguing that an effector organ such as a melanophore possesses a sympathetic nerve supply from the fact that it is acted upon by adrenaline, may be questioned. Adrenaline has a powerful action on both the ganglion and heart-muscle in Limulus (Carlson), the heart of the crab Maia (Hogben and Hobson), and the intestine of the crayfish (Ten Cate). It also acts in very great dilution as an excitant to the plain mus
. Comparative physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 122 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY not confined to muscles which have a sympathetic innervation ; and the validity of arguing that an effector organ such as a melanophore possesses a sympathetic nerve supply from the fact that it is acted upon by adrenaline, may be questioned. Adrenaline has a powerful action on both the ganglion and heart-muscle in Limulus (Carlson), the heart of the crab Maia (Hogben and Hobson), and the intestine of the crayfish (Ten Cate). It also acts in very great dilution as an excitant to the plain muscle of molluscs and annelids, as illustrated. Pjg, 31.—Action of adrenaline on the crop of Aplysia. by the oesophagus of Aphrodite and Aplysia (Hogben and Hobson) and of Helix (Ten Cate), also the heart of Pecten (Hogben and Hobson). The poison with which the cephalopod kills its crustacean prey is a natural base, tyramine ( CH2CH2NH2) of closely allied structure to adrenaline (CeH3(OH)) and to certain other phenolic amines for which Barger and Dale^ have described a similar physiological action on mammalian tissues. In this connexion it is interesting to note the presence of adrenaline in the salivary glands of a toad {cf. Chapter III).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hogben, Lancelot Thomas, 1895-. New York, The Macmillan Company
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