Ontario Public School History of England : Authorized by the Minister of Education for Ontario for Use in Forms IV and V of the Public Schools . alledthe Wars of theRoses, because thebadge of Lancasterwas the red rose,and that of York thewhite rose. As thestruggle was wagedchiefly between thenobles, it did muchless damage thanmight have been ex-pected. The commerce and progress of the country werescarcely interrupted. The people as a whole did not carevery much which royal house held the throne, but they weretired of a weak government and they desired a king withsufficient force to rule his ki
Ontario Public School History of England : Authorized by the Minister of Education for Ontario for Use in Forms IV and V of the Public Schools . alledthe Wars of theRoses, because thebadge of Lancasterwas the red rose,and that of York thewhite rose. As thestruggle was wagedchiefly between thenobles, it did muchless damage thanmight have been ex-pected. The commerce and progress of the country werescarcely interrupted. The people as a whole did not carevery much which royal house held the throne, but they weretired of a weak government and they desired a king withsufficient force to rule his kingdom. The first battle of the Wars of the Roses was fought atSt. Albans in 1455, and the Yorkists were victorious. Fiveyears later, at Northampton, Queen Margaret, the recogniz-ed leader of the Lancastrians, who was fighting for therights of her young son, was defeated and forced toflee. She quickly raised another army and in turnrouted the Lancastrians at Wakefield. In this battlethe Duke of York was killed; but his son, Edward, atonce put himself at the head of the Yorkists, defeatedthe queen at Mortimers Cross, and marching on London,. 106 HISTORY OF ENGLAND [1461-64 was there, with the consent of Parliament, crowned asEdward IV. SUMMARY The long minority of the king made efforts to hold the French throneunavailing, and at the close of the Hundred Years War in 1453, Calaiswas the only bit of France that still belonged to England. Although inthis long war, different ranks had learned a mutual respect, and thepower of the Commons had increased, because the kings were obligedto apply to them for the large sums of money that were needed, therewas much discontent in England. Finally, the failure of the kingsmind and the prospect of another child riiler opened a way to Richard,Duke of York, to seize the throne. The fierce Wars of the Rosesthen began. Richard was slain, but his son became King Edward IV. 4. Edward IV. 1461-1483 103. The Wars of the Roses continued.—In the meanti
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