A history of the United States . mpaign of1862 opened with the Confederates under Albert SidneyJohnston holding a line from Columbus on the Mississippito Bowling Green. Facing them were the Federal forcesunder General Halleck commanding the Department ofMissouri with headquarters at St. Louis, and the Army ofthe Ohio under General Buell concentrated between Louis-ville and Bowling Green. Grant had a smaller force atCairo, which was under the general command of Halleckand known as the Army of the Tennessee. In northern Tennessee, near the Kentucky border, theConfederates had constructed Fort He
A history of the United States . mpaign of1862 opened with the Confederates under Albert SidneyJohnston holding a line from Columbus on the Mississippito Bowling Green. Facing them were the Federal forcesunder General Halleck commanding the Department ofMissouri with headquarters at St. Louis, and the Army ofthe Ohio under General Buell concentrated between Louis-ville and Bowling Green. Grant had a smaller force atCairo, which was under the general command of Halleckand known as the Army of the Tennessee. In northern Tennessee, near the Kentucky border, theConfederates had constructed Fort Henry on the east bankof the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson twelve milesaway on the west bank of the Cumberland. On February3, 1862, Grant started up the Tennessee against Fort Henry The Opening Campaigns 363 with 15,000 men and a fleet of seventeen gunboats underCommodore Foote. Four of these were partially protectedwith armor and had been constructed for the governmentby J. B. Eads of St. Louis. M I s s ou/r I |Pro\uiut>ui. inempms ^hiloh ^^p^T^-j^J^Chattang^ y^J Hon, spl^l^^^p^^^^^ MISSISSIPPI / Ww^f* \ G E^O/R G I A * A L A B A M A \ ^J* SCALE OF MILES . ^J _Ji I \SY 50 100 150 200 §f Operations in the West, 1862. Fort Henry was commanded by high bluffs across theriver and there was little hope of holding it, so GeneralTilghman decided to send his infantry to Fort Fall of FortDonelson, while he remained in the fort with Henryone company of artillery in order to gain time for the infan-try to make their escape. After an hour and a half ofbombardment, Tilghman surrendered Fort Henry on Feb-ruary 6. This was the first important success won by theFederals in either theater of the war. On the following day Johnston ordered the troops to fallback from Bowling Green to Nashville, and at the sametime sent 12,000 men to reenforce the garrison Fall of Fortat Donelson. This was a bad move. He should Donelsonhave fought Grant with his whole force at Donelson. This 364 The Civil Wa
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