. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 96 BLACK WILLOW Salix nigra, Marshall FOEM-I^rgest of our native tree-willows, usually 25-30 ft. high with » diameter of 10^ inches, but may reach a height of CO-80 ft., with a diameter of 2-3 feet. Trunks usually crooked, often inclined and occurring in small groups. Crown wide, open and round-topped. BAEK-Thick, rough, deeply furrowed, blackish-brown, with wide ridges covered with thick scales. Ridges of bark often connected by narrow, transverse or diagonal ridges. TWIGS—Slender, smooth, brittle, drooping, brigh
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 96 BLACK WILLOW Salix nigra, Marshall FOEM-I^rgest of our native tree-willows, usually 25-30 ft. high with » diameter of 10^ inches, but may reach a height of CO-80 ft., with a diameter of 2-3 feet. Trunks usually crooked, often inclined and occurring in small groups. Crown wide, open and round-topped. BAEK-Thick, rough, deeply furrowed, blackish-brown, with wide ridges covered with thick scales. Ridges of bark often connected by narrow, transverse or diagonal ridges. TWIGS—Slender, smooth, brittle, drooping, bright reddish-brown to orange colored. BUDS^Altemate. small, about | of an inch long, sharp-pointed, reddish-brown covered by a single scale. LEAVES^Altemate. simple, narrowly-lanceolate, very long-pointed, tapering or ""ghtly round- ed at base, finely serrate on margin, usually smooth and dark green above, pale green below. LEAF-SCARS-Altemate, narrow, with 8 bundle-scars in a lunate line. Terminal scar often larger than lateral ones. Stipule-scars large and prominent. FLOWEBS-Appear in March or April before the leaves. Staminate and P^«""V\^Tnn. "**" cur^n sfparlTe trees, and both are borne in drooping aments or catkins from 1-3 inches long. FRUIT-A reddish-brown, smooth, ovate capsule which splits open and liberates many small seeds. Seeds covered with a dense tuft of fine long hairs. WOOD—Diffuse-porous; with very inconspicuous medullary rays; reddish-brown, «>«. y«f*^' firm. closT-grained: not durable. Weighs about 28 lbs. per cubic foot. Used mainly for fuel and charcoal. DISTmGTJISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Black Willow is the largest of our native Wil- lows The rough, thick-scaled, blackish-brown bark is characteristic. The narrowly-lanceolate Lnd'short-petioled leaves which are always smooth or nearly so are also distinctive The trunks often^cur in small groups. The slender drooping branches are easily broken off at their ends. RAN
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