. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. SOME OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL-BREEDING 37 exhibited directly from parent to offspring but may be observed in the grandchildren or even later generations. Ordinarily it would seem natural to suppose that the male persons would more often determine the dominant characters of the male offspring and the female parent the ruling qualities of the female offspring. It seems, however, that in an equal number or in a majority of cases, the male is most like the mother and the female most like the father. This is called cross-heredity.
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. SOME OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL-BREEDING 37 exhibited directly from parent to offspring but may be observed in the grandchildren or even later generations. Ordinarily it would seem natural to suppose that the male persons would more often determine the dominant characters of the male offspring and the female parent the ruling qualities of the female offspring. It seems, however, that in an equal number or in a majority of cases, the male is most like the mother and the female most like the father. This is called cross-heredity. If this fact be true, it is of the utmost importance that in selecting a dairy bull more attention should be paid to the dam of the bull, and in selecting all males it is of the highest importance that sharp attention be given to the characters of the dam. moral instincts are determined to a greater or less extent by hereditary influences. Heredity of abnormal characters.—Not only are the normal or natural characters transmitted from parent to offspring, but the unnatural or abnormal developments seem likewise to be influenced by this phenomenon. We can perhaps understand how a constitutional disease may become hereditary, but when the loss of an organ or the non-development of the extremities of the body is transmitted, it is more difficult to understand. It is related, that, in 1828, David Ely imported into this country a short- eared Saxon ram. This animal had a peculiarly fine fleece of wool. In the locality where this animal was used for breeding, the farmers came to associ-. Beginning at left two sisters and improved Fig. 38. Variation in type. Not only the physiological characters are con- trolled by the dominating character of heredity, but the psychological characters as well. There is in fact no distinction to be made between physio- logical and psychological heredity, for, as Spencer said, "No thought, no feeling is ever manifested save as a result of physical
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