. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. 256 PRACTICAL COURSE IN BOTANY. Fig. 368. — Cross section of a pome : pi, placenta ; c, carpels ; /, fibrovascular bun- dles. and hollowed out with the calyx sepals at the top. Cut a cross section midway between the stem and the blossom end, and make an enlarged sketch of it. Label the thin, papery walls that inclose the seed, car-pels. How many of them are there, and how many seeds does each contain ? The carpels, together with all that portion of the fruit which surround
. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. 256 PRACTICAL COURSE IN BOTANY. Fig. 368. — Cross section of a pome : pi, placenta ; c, carpels ; /, fibrovascular bun- dles. and hollowed out with the calyx sepals at the top. Cut a cross section midway between the stem and the blossom end, and make an enlarged sketch of it. Label the thin, papery walls that inclose the seed, car-pels. How many of them are there, and how many seeds does each contain ? The carpels, together with all that portion of the fruit which surrounds and ad- heres to the ovary, constitute the peri- carp, or wall of the seed vessel. The fleshy part of the apple is no part of the ovary proper, but consists merely of the receptacle, or end of the foot- stalk, which becomes greatly enlarged and thickened in fruit. Look for a ring of dots outside the carpels, connected (usually) by a faint scalloped line. How many of these dots are there ? How do they compare in number with the carpels ? With the rem- nants of the sepals adhering to the blossom end of the fruit ? Next make a vertical section through a fruit, and sketch, enlarg- ing it sufficiently to show all the parts distinctly. Observe the line of woody fibers outside the carpels, in- closing the core of the apple. Com- pare this with your cross section; to what does it correspond ? Where do these threads originate? Where do they end ? Can you make out what they are? (176.) Notice how and where the stem is attached to the fruit. Label the external portion of the stem, peduncle; the upper part, from which the fibrovas- cular bundles branch, the receptacle. It is the enlargement of this which forms the fleshy part of the fruit, Try to find out, with the aid of your lens and dissecting pins, the exact. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations m
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