. Economics of thinning stagnated ponderosa pine sapling stands in the pine-grass areas of central Washington. Forest thinning; Ponderosa pine Washington (State) Thinning; Forest management Economic aspects. I .. Figure 5.—Ponderosa pine thickets produce mea- ger forage, and the dense tree stems impede animal movement (upper). Seven years after thinning to spacing, native species respond with a big increase in production and grazing animals can move freely. acre, which consisted of 58-percent forbs-, 40-percent grasses and sedges, and 2-per- cent shrubs. This herbage production has a
. Economics of thinning stagnated ponderosa pine sapling stands in the pine-grass areas of central Washington. Forest thinning; Ponderosa pine Washington (State) Thinning; Forest management Economic aspects. I .. Figure 5.—Ponderosa pine thickets produce mea- ger forage, and the dense tree stems impede animal movement (upper). Seven years after thinning to spacing, native species respond with a big increase in production and grazing animals can move freely. acre, which consisted of 58-percent forbs-, 40-percent grasses and sedges, and 2-per- cent shrubs. This herbage production has a utilizable forage yield of approximately 0. 06 animal unit monthi/per acre per year — a level of forage production that requires 17 acres per month or 68 acres per summer grazing season to provide the necessary forage for one cow. 4One animal unit month (AUM) equals 730 pounds of air-dry forage for cattle (this is the amount of forage consumed by a 1,000-pound animal in days). Pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens)i an acceptable forage species and the pre- dominant grass in the area, accounted for 92 percent of the grass and sedge compo- nent with sedges (Carex spp.), needle- grass (Stipa spp.), beardless wheatgrass (Agropyron inerme), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), and prairie junegrass (Koeleria eristata) making up the balance. The forb component was dominated by balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata), 71 percent; silky lupine (Lupinus serieeus), 1-1 percent; and pussytoes (Antennaria spp.), 5 percent. Lesser forbs included woolly- weed (Hieracium seouleri), western yarrow (Achillea lanulosa), wayside gromwell (Lithospermum ruderale), purpledaisy fleabane [Erigeron corymbosus), and gland cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa). The only shrub that contributed measurable yields was antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata). As the trees are thinned, the under- story vegetation responds with a substantial increase in production. After eight grow- ing seasons, the net averag
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