. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 360 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1904. He recognized the plant origin of the coal beds, considering them as products of growth in low, moist, and warm bogs, which were at no great height above sea level, and which were frequently subjected to slow and gradual submergence and reelevation, in this following the other authorities of the day. In 1837 there was organized a State geological survey of Michigan, the sum of $3,000 being appropriated f
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 360 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1904. He recognized the plant origin of the coal beds, considering them as products of growth in low, moist, and warm bogs, which were at no great height above sea level, and which were frequently subjected to slow and gradual submergence and reelevation, in this following the other authorities of the day. In 1837 there was organized a State geological survey of Michigan, the sum of $3,000 being appropriated for the carrying out of the work the first year, the amount being increased to $6,000, $8,000, and $12,000, respectively, for each of the three succeeding Mich^a0",'^r4iin years, which limited the life of the organization. Douglass Houghton, then not 30 years of age, was made State geologist, and during his term of office issued five annual reports, the last bearing date of 1842. His chief assistants were Bela Hubbard and C. C Douglas. During the winter of 1837-38 the survey was reorganized with particular reference to provisions for zoological, botanical, and topographical departments, and additional assistants were appointed to take charge of these branches of the work. In his first annual report, a document of 37 pages, Houghton noted the geological fea- tures of the Lower Peninsula, classifying the formations under the heads of upper sand rock, gray limestone, and lower sandstone or gray wacke group, lying for the most part in ?nearly horizontal positions. The sandstones of the Upper Peninsula were regarded as belonging to the Carboniferous ; In his second annual report he detailed the topographical and general character of the northern portion of the peninsula, with special remarks upon the clays, marls, and gypsums. He devoted considerable attention to a consideration of the change of elevation in the waters of the Great Lakes, which were then at a higher
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