. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. 8 NATURAL EISTORY. tliickeiied at the apex, sometimes pectinated in the males, and composed in diSerent genera of from three to thirty joints; tlie ligula is broad, and divided by deep notches into three parts ; the maxillary palpi have six joints; the prothorax is produced at the sides to the origin of the fore wings; and the anterior tibiw have two spurs at the apex. In their general habits these insects present a considerable uniformity. The females, by means of their saw-like ovipositors, cut slits in the leaves or tender growing slioo
. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. 8 NATURAL EISTORY. tliickeiied at the apex, sometimes pectinated in the males, and composed in diSerent genera of from three to thirty joints; tlie ligula is broad, and divided by deep notches into three parts ; the maxillary palpi have six joints; the prothorax is produced at the sides to the origin of the fore wings; and the anterior tibiw have two spurs at the apex. In their general habits these insects present a considerable uniformity. The females, by means of their saw-like ovipositors, cut slits in the leaves or tender growing slioots of trees and plants ; the two plates of the saw are then separated a little, so as to widen the aperture already made, and then au egg passes down to its destination between them. The irritation i)roduced by this j)rocess, assisted, according to some entomologists, by a peculiar secretion which accompanies the egg, causes a flow of sap to the wound, and the egg by contact with this quickly becomes considerably enlarged. The lar\-a; hatched from these eggs are generally very like the caterpillars of Butterflies and Moths in structure and appearance ; they all possess three pairs of thoracic legs, and the great majority have, in addition, from six to eight pairs of abdominal pro-legs. These, however, differ from the corresponding organs in the larvw of the Lepidoptera, by being destitute of the peculiar circlet of generally hooked bristles which the latter possess. The larva; of the Saw Flies also have only a single simple eye on each side of the head. When full grown the larvie spin a cocoon, which is sometimes parch- ment-like in its texture, sometimes lattice-like, and occasionally exhibits a combination of the two characters. These cocoons are either attached to the leaves and twigs of the plants and trees on which the larvse have lived, or jilaced underground, but in either case the larva remains unchanged within its cocoon until the time for the emei'gence of the perfect
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