. A text-book of horseshoeing for horseshoers and veterinarians. Horseshoeing. HORSESHOEING. 47. hoofs. The outer wall is, as a rule, somewhat more slant- ing than the inner. Viewing a foot in profile, the toe and heel should be parallel; that is, the line from the hair to the ground at the toe should be parallel to the line from the hair to the ground at the but- tress. All deviations Fig. 28. of the wall from a straight Kne (outward or inward bendings) are to be regarded as faults or defects. The thickness of the wall is also variable. In front hoofs the wall is thickest at the toe, and beco
. A text-book of horseshoeing for horseshoers and veterinarians. Horseshoeing. HORSESHOEING. 47. hoofs. The outer wall is, as a rule, somewhat more slant- ing than the inner. Viewing a foot in profile, the toe and heel should be parallel; that is, the line from the hair to the ground at the toe should be parallel to the line from the hair to the ground at the but- tress. All deviations Fig. 28. of the wall from a straight Kne (outward or inward bendings) are to be regarded as faults or defects. The thickness of the wall is also variable. In front hoofs the wall is thickest at the toe, and becomes gradually thinner to- wards the quarters, while in hind hoofs there is very little difference in the thickness of the wall of the toe, sides, and quarters. The more slanting half of the hoof is always the thicker; thus, for example, the outer wall of a base- wide foot is always longer and more oblique than the inner wall, and is also thicker. According to Mayer,* the thickness of the wall at the toe varies from three- to five-eighths of an inch, and at the quarters from one- to two-fifths of an inch. These meas- urements are dependent upon the size and breeding of the horse. The horn wall is composed of three superposed layers. These from without to within are: (1) the periople, secreted by the perioplic band. It is very thin, glistening, and varnish-like in appearance, and covers the entire outer surface of the wall, ex- cept where it has been removed by the rasp, and prevents rapid evaporation of moisture from the horn. (2) The middle or pro- Vertlcal section through the middle of a hoof, with homy frog removed, to show the position of the bar: a, b, marks the luie at which the wall bends forward and inward to- wards the median line of the fool to become the bar. Bar runs forward and passes imperceptibly into the sole c; a, a', the light shading shows the part of the bar that was in con- tact with the horny &og. * Hufschmied, vol. iv. p. Please note that these im
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