. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. STABLE-FLIES 505 the frequent statement that houseflies sometimes bite. They differ, however, in several ways. The stable-fly is more robust, browner in color, rests with the wings spread at a broader angle, and has a narrow, pointed shining-black proboscis (Fig. 240) which is quite different from the blunt fleshy proboscis of the housefly. The mouthparts (Fig. 240) differ from those of many other biting flies in that the lower lip, which usually merely forms a sheath for the piercing mouthparts, is its
. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. STABLE-FLIES 505 the frequent statement that houseflies sometimes bite. They differ, however, in several ways. The stable-fly is more robust, browner in color, rests with the wings spread at a broader angle, and has a narrow, pointed shining-black proboscis (Fig. 240) which is quite different from the blunt fleshy proboscis of the housefly. The mouthparts (Fig. 240) differ from those of many other biting flies in that the lower lip, which usually merely forms a sheath for the piercing mouthparts, is itself a piercing organ. It is bent at nearly right angles under the head so that it projects straight forward, being, therefore, fixed to the head hke a bayonet to a rifle. The short basal segment is movable and mus- cular, and is used to manipulate the proboscis itself. The latter has at ^^Thyp its tip rasplike spines which aid in '<abel. ^P- perforating the skin of the host. .,^:^^'^^r::^^ Inside the groove in the lower lip is '^^^- antenna; ar., arista of an- the labrum and hypopharynx which '^Z^^iZl^Z^:^::^^ together form a sucking tube. The i"™: max. p., maxillary palpus. maxillary palpi, which form enclosing ^'^ erms.) sheaths for the proboscis in tsetse flies, are less than half the length of the proboscis in Stomoxys. The stable-fly is commonly believed to breed in manure, and gains its name from the frequency with which it is found about stables, presumably having been bred in manure. As a matter of fact, the presence of stable-flies about stables is due to the presence there of animals — horses, cattle, etc., —• on which they feed. The breeding place which is most preferred is moist, decaying straw or rotting vegetable matter. According to Herms, the very best breeding places are afforded by the left-over hay, alfalfa or grain in the bottoms of, or underneath, out-of-door feed troughs in connection with dairies. In this soggy, fermented material practica
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