. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Fig. 4.— I OF RiioDES, regarded as one of the "thirty pieces of ; as published in 1553, and the actual coin (photos from Rouille, above, and counesy .American Numismatic .Society). Ancient classical tradition, ne\er entirely extinct even during the darkest hours of history, began to revive with the aid of enlightened persons about the turn of the millennium. Earlier, during Charle- magne's time, Roman tradition had reappeared as a stimulus for civic and cultural awakening, but with Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Fig. 4.— I OF RiioDES, regarded as one of the "thirty pieces of ; as published in 1553, and the actual coin (photos from Rouille, above, and counesy .American Numismatic .Society). Ancient classical tradition, ne\er entirely extinct even during the darkest hours of history, began to revive with the aid of enlightened persons about the turn of the millennium. Earlier, during Charle- magne's time, Roman tradition had reappeared as a stimulus for civic and cultural awakening, but with Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1212 1250J art and erudition came into a resplendent revival which was built on an ancient and especially Roman back- ground. Frederick's newly created gold coin, apjjropriateiy called aiigiislalis,'^ in many res[)ects reflects '" I'or ihr story of many of llusc pirtcs—regarded as the authcnic coins o( Judas and worshipped in numerous churches of the Middle Ages —and their influence on contemporary Biblical inurpretations, see Hii r, op. cit., pp. 91 ff. and espe- cially 104-114. *' Tor the "augustalis"", sec: \\ , "Ober die Goldpriigung Kaiser Friedriehs If (18<)4); Pfistkr, Kniti-r I'rtrdnch II. pp. 184, 192; , \\',itidi,r ,Ur , pp. 2.';8, 271; Wkntzel, "Dcr .Augustalis Friedriehs II und die abcnd- liindisehc Glyptik" (1952). Roman coin coitccpts and designs (fig. 5). The im- plication again seems unavoidable that there was a sotu'ce of insi)iration strong enough to determine a decisive turn from medieval coining traditions back toward earlier classical forms. The creation of this coin certainly suggests the presence of Roman coins from which it drew an apjiarent inspiration. Can this factor be suflicient evidence for the existence of coin collections? Due to the lack of adequate documentation, we may only assume that it does. Italy, the classic land of archeological treasures, constantK' revealed e\
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