. Architecture for general students. ordinary buildings, the form of the archis of but little consequence ; but in bridges andsimilar structures, where there is a sidewise as wellas vertical pressure, its strength is of great impor-tance, and it offers better resistance if the arch risesmore perpendicularly from the abutment; its gen-eral figure being that of the longitudinal section ofan ellipse. Besides the semicircular arches, we have thepointed or lancet arch, so marked a feature ofGothic architecture as to be sometimes called theGothic arch ; the rampant arch, where the two endsspring fro
. Architecture for general students. ordinary buildings, the form of the archis of but little consequence ; but in bridges andsimilar structures, where there is a sidewise as wellas vertical pressure, its strength is of great impor-tance, and it offers better resistance if the arch risesmore perpendicularly from the abutment; its gen-eral figure being that of the longitudinal section ofan ellipse. Besides the semicircular arches, we have thepointed or lancet arch, so marked a feature ofGothic architecture as to be sometimes called theGothic arch ; the rampant arch, where the two endsspring from unequal heights ; the horse-shoe, or Moorish arch ; and the con-cavo-convex form, known asthe ogee arch, and fitted onlyfor ornament. A continuation of archesis called an arcade, and insuch structures, while theArcade. terminal arches usually rest upon walls of masonry, which must be strong enoughto resist the horizontal pressure, the intervening*ones are supported by single columns, clusters ofcolumns, or pillars of masonry Of the Essential Parts and Styles. 29 Vault. — The lateral continuation of an arch, soas to cover an area or passage, is called a simple vault distributes its pressure equallyalong the walls or abutments upon which it rests,but the complex or groined vault, formed by thedia<yonal intersection of two arches, throws the pres-sure upon the springing points, and here it is great-ly in(;reased. Dome. — The dome is a concave covering to abuilding or a part of it, and maybe either spherical or polygonalin structure. Sometimes the termcupola is used to designate sucha structure, and at others it is re-stricted in its meaning to the con-cave under-surface. Ordinarily,however, cupola is used in speak-ing of such a covering, when it is of very moderatedimensions ; while the dome is understood to be apart of a cathedral, or some other edifice of likeproportions. When a dome is constructed of stone,the constituent parts should have the same for
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