Congress of arts and science, Universal exposition, StLouis, 1904; . placed in two circles, one outside the other, the bamboo branchesbeing made to interlock. The toyas are left in this condition ex-actly one year, when they must give place to the next new set. The oysters that are now in their second year and are of a fair sizeare struck off the bamboo collectors, which are rotten by this time,and are then placed in the living-ground, where they lie directlyon the hard and gravelly bottom. They are left here until the nextyear, although they are given a thorough raking every fortnight orso. B
Congress of arts and science, Universal exposition, StLouis, 1904; . placed in two circles, one outside the other, the bamboo branchesbeing made to interlock. The toyas are left in this condition ex-actly one year, when they must give place to the next new set. The oysters that are now in their second year and are of a fair sizeare struck off the bamboo collectors, which are rotten by this time,and are then placed in the living-ground, where they lie directlyon the hard and gravelly bottom. They are left here until the nextyear, although they are given a thorough raking every fortnight orso. By autumn of the third year they are ready for the market. Thesea-bottom in the inlet of Nihojima has been completely utilized 720 OCEANOGRAPHY for this purpose and has been cut up into lots and leased to differ-ent persons. Put this together with the fact that hills around hereare cultivated to the very top, and it would be difficult to go be-yond this in the utilization of land and water. Hiroshima has per-haps gone ahead of most places in Japan in this FIG. 8. — Ground-plan of a toya. Collectors bearing well-grown oysters areindicated by the black spots within the two circles of branching collectors. A rather interesting and simple system of oyster-culture has beendeveloped within the last twenty years at the mouth of the Sumin-ouye River, in Ariake Bay, in the prefecture of Saga, Kiushiu. It-seems that people here were in the habit of collecting all the naturaloysters they could and of preserving larger ones among them for alittle while on the bottom of the Suminouye River to be sent later toNagasaki for sale. For some reason, in 1884 those thus preserved wereleft through the winter and it was discovered that by next year they hadgrown to a large size. This fact was not lost on the sagacious peoplethereabouts, of whom Mr. Murata, an enthusiastic culturist, seemsto have been the head and soul. From this beginning the industrywas developed so that 18,330 bushels of
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