Trees; a handbook of forest-botany for the woodlands and the laboratory . ved; rougher above and more vel-vety beneath, hiding the hairs in the angles of the sessile : petiole 3—8 mm. Autumn leaves goldenyellow. Venation resembling that of U. campestris (type ofCarpinus Betulus), but the leaf usually rougher aboveand more hairy, almost velvety below. Shoots alsostouter. Midrib straight, thinning out above, strong usually slightly curved forwards and forked,or with a few prominent outer veins, rarely quite 50—65 degrees: average distance apart -^—-fa
Trees; a handbook of forest-botany for the woodlands and the laboratory . ved; rougher above and more vel-vety beneath, hiding the hairs in the angles of the sessile : petiole 3—8 mm. Autumn leaves goldenyellow. Venation resembling that of U. campestris (type ofCarpinus Betulus), but the leaf usually rougher aboveand more hairy, almost velvety below. Shoots alsostouter. Midrib straight, thinning out above, strong usually slightly curved forwards and forked,or with a few prominent outer veins, rarely quite 50—65 degrees: average distance apart -^—-fa thelength of the midrib. Tertiaries at slightly acute angles,connecting, sinuous. Meshes rather loose and not pro-minent. [There is still a good deal of confusion regarding theElms, of which the following three, described as species byContinental botanists, may be particularised. U. glabra, Mill. Twigs thin, glabrous, shining. Leaves\v. u. 16 242 ELMS very firm and smooth, with hairs in the angles of theveins, base oblique, coarsely blunt-serrate, 2—10 x 1*5—. Fig. 86. Wych Elm, Ulmus montana, p. 241 (Ett). 5 cm. Petiole 4—10 mm. long, smooth or slightlypubescent. The larger leaves on suckers are howeverhairy. This is a variety of U. campestris, Sm. ELMS : CREEPING WILLOW 243 U. campestris, L. Twigs thick, bristly. Leaves thin,venation hairy, upper surface scabrid, base hardly oblique,margins sharply bi-serrate. Leaves much larger, 8—16 x4—10 cm., especially the terminals, which are often cutinto 3 tips. Petiole very short and thick, 3—8 mm., is the species U. montana, Sm. U. effusa, Willd. Thin glabrous shining thin, glabrous or roughish above, hairy beneath,very oblique, sharply bi-serrate. Petiole short, 3—9 mm.,pubescent. This is not British, and is the same as , Foug. Numerous other forms have been distinguished, ofwhich only one need be mentioned, var. suberosa, Ehrb.,a variety of U. campestris with very corky twigs
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