. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 20 PHYSIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS the coloring matter is absorbed by the blood-ves- sels and we have biliary jaundice. The bile acids also are toxic ; when formed in excessive quantity and absorbed as free acids they cause hepatic tox- emia or poisoning. Most of the solids of the bile represent waste products. (3) The glycogenetic function of the liver is, in a word, as follows : The sugar conveyed from the intestines to the liver is by a special function of the liver cells converted into a form of animal starch called glycogen a
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 20 PHYSIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS the coloring matter is absorbed by the blood-ves- sels and we have biliary jaundice. The bile acids also are toxic ; when formed in excessive quantity and absorbed as free acids they cause hepatic tox- emia or poisoning. Most of the solids of the bile represent waste products. (3) The glycogenetic function of the liver is, in a word, as follows : The sugar conveyed from the intestines to the liver is by a special function of the liver cells converted into a form of animal starch called glycogen and stored up here as a sur- plus nutrient to be called on by the body as needed. Then it is reconverted into sugar and as such enters the circulation. Thus, besides its intimate association with the digestion of foods, the neutral- ization of, and elimination from the body of waste materials, the liver plays an important part in nutrition. The pancreas, called the abdominal sweetbread, is a gland weighing two pounds, placed against the backbone close to the kidneys. It secretes a clear fluid called the pancreatic juice. In the horse and ox, seven to nine ounces are secreted per hour. This secretion contains three digestive ferments: (1) Trypsin, converting proteids into peptones; (2) amylopsin, changing starch into sugar; (3) steapsin, splitting up fats into fatty acids and glycerine, the fatty acids emulsifying fats in the same way as in the case of the Fig. 23. Surface of mucous membrane of the intestine. Show- ing villi with central lacteal duct and blood vessels, and on the surface the absorbing epithelial cells. Removal of the pancreas from the body is followed by diabetes or sugar in the urine, emacia- tion and death. The blood will not hold more than .3 per cent of sugar without excreting it in the urine. From this it is surmised that the pancreas secretes a sugar-destroying ferment. The large intestine comprises the caecum and the large and small colon. The caecu
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