. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Science; Natural history; Natural history. although much of the data secured has been verified at various places on the globe. This particular work was carried on over the village of Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, which is about 30 miles south of Los Angeles (See Fig. 7). The accompanying diagramatic outline (Pig. 6) is a cross-section of the aerial ocean showing the various isn 10< Pi. P ACIFIC ^^^ ^L ^^ -%.,^-^ 8„«Mc<* 'S ,^^ '%^ %^ ^---^: OCEAN A:n:UAL ClOUDIKESS Tho linos show th« •veraso por oont of the t
. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Science; Natural history; Natural history. although much of the data secured has been verified at various places on the globe. This particular work was carried on over the village of Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, which is about 30 miles south of Los Angeles (See Fig. 7). The accompanying diagramatic outline (Pig. 6) is a cross-section of the aerial ocean showing the various isn 10< Pi. P ACIFIC ^^^ ^L ^^ -%.,^-^ 8„«Mc<* 'S ,^^ '%^ %^ ^---^: OCEAN A:n:UAL ClOUDIKESS Tho linos show th« •veraso por oont of the time per year nhen Tialbillty Is laoklncor tery poor. CHART SHOWING APPROXIMATE CLOUDINESS AND POSITION OF PRINCIPAL MOUNTAIN PASSES. Visibility in air navig-ation is as important an element as in marine navigation. Air-pilots have to be as weather-wise as sea-pilots. This chart shows by dotted lines the percentage of the time when the sky is overcast by clouds, rain, etc. It also shows by short, heavy lines, the mountain passes through which airplanes and airships enter and leave Los Angeles and San Diego. Low grades are as important in laying out air-lines, as they are in planning railroads or highways. Gravity is no res- pecter of vehicles. record altitudes of free sounding and manned balloons, and airplanes, with approximate heights of clouds in comparison with notable moun- tain peaks. Profiles are also shown of the well-known decrease of atmospheric pressure and humidity with altitude. It also shows in a somewhat striking manner the relatively shallow covering of air which surrounds the earth and the great rapidity with which the air becomes colder with elevation above the earth's surface. It is in- teresting to note that within a few months of the time that the temper- ature of 90 degrees below zero (August 3, 1913) was obtained at an elevation of 11 miles above Santa Catalina Island, a temperature of 133 degrees below zero was obtained (Nov. 5, 1913) by a colleague
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