. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. OSSEOUS CACHEXIA. 18 badly co-ordinated. They are inclined to stumble, and appear as though suffering from strain of the lumbar muscles. In the second phase pain referable to the bones sets in. Lameness develops without visible lesions and is rapidly followed by synovitis and arthritis in the lower portions of the limbs, and by wasting and anaemia. The animals seem unable to move rapidly, or if forced to do so may sustain fractures even at a trot: the limb bones sometimes break or ligamentous insertions in the neighbourhood of
. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. OSSEOUS CACHEXIA. 18 badly co-ordinated. They are inclined to stumble, and appear as though suffering from strain of the lumbar muscles. In the second phase pain referable to the bones sets in. Lameness develops without visible lesions and is rapidly followed by synovitis and arthritis in the lower portions of the limbs, and by wasting and anaemia. The animals seem unable to move rapidly, or if forced to do so may sustain fractures even at a trot: the limb bones sometimes break or ligamentous insertions in the neighbourhood of joints are torn away, resulting in sudden falls on the ground and fracture of ribs or even of the vertebral column. This corresponds to the third phase, osteoclastia, in oxen. From then onwards, horses become useless and, if not destroyed, may, after a few weeks or months, develop the condition known as osteomalacia, in which the flat bones become softened, the head, the branches of the lower jaw and the face become deformed, while mastication and other functions are impeded. Germain gives the above symptoms as characteristic of the mode of development of the disease in French and Algerian horses imported into Tonquin, and his description, written several years ago, is fully confirmed by more recent observations. Since Tonquin was taken over by the French, however, improved methods of culture have resulted in the produc- tion of better cereals and forage; the fodder plants have been vastly improved, to the great benefit of imported animals. In the goat, the disease shows some slight peculiarities. Thus, in the second phase, during which, goats and sheep suffer so markedly from lameness and pain in the bones, goats often walk on the knees. The disease, however, is uncommon in these animals. The phase of osteoclastia is also less marked and fractures are rare, because the animals weigh less and also because they are less exposed to falls and violent shocks. The bones, nevertheles
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