Francis Walsingham (c1532-1590) 'spymaster' to Elizabeth I. He is frequently cited as one of the earliest practitioners of modern intelligence both for espionage and internal security. His network penetrated the heart of Spanish military preparation, gathered information from across Europe, and disrupted a range of plots against Elizabeth which brought about the execution of Mary Queen of Scots.

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Francis Walsingham (c1532-1590) 'spymaster' to Elizabeth I. He is frequently cited as one of the earliest practitioners of modern intelligence both for espionage and internal security. His network penetrated the heart of Spanish military preparation, gathered information from across Europe, and disrupted a range of plots against Elizabeth which brought about the execution of Mary Queen of Scots.

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