. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 158 INTRODUCTION close over the pollen. It then ejects a little honey on the pollen, takes it up by means of the tarsal brushes, and places it in the baskets on the tibiae of the hind-legs. The mandibles are often used to loosen the pollen before it is moistened with honey. In the case of anemophilous flowers (observed and described in Plantago lanceolata by Hermann MuUer) the bee, hovering before the flower, ejects a little honey upon the stamens from its s
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 158 INTRODUCTION close over the pollen. It then ejects a little honey on the pollen, takes it up by means of the tarsal brushes, and places it in the baskets on the tibiae of the hind-legs. The mandibles are often used to loosen the pollen before it is moistened with honey. In the case of anemophilous flowers (observed and described in Plantago lanceolata by Hermann MuUer) the bee, hovering before the flower, ejects a little honey upon the stamens from its suctorial tube, which is fully extended, but completely sheathes the ligula. Here, therefore, as when flying to suck flowers or when boring into soft tissues, the base of the ligula is contained within the hollow end of the mentum, and the retractors are directed backwards. Since honey-bees and humble-bees when visiting entomophilous flowers extend the proboscis to suck nectar and fold it up to collect pollen, while on nectarless anemophilous flowers they obviously only gather pollen, it follows that they are never able to suck nectar and collect pollen simultaneously. They must always do first one, and then the other, and since the pollen has to be moistened with honey, the act of sucking must always be the first. On the other hand, all bees that gather dry pollen among a dense growth of feathery collect- ing-hairs are able, so far as the structure of the flower permits, to accumu- late pollen and suck nectar at the same time, and they perform the latter action in exactly the same way as honey-bees and humble-bees. It is obvious that bees with an abdo- minal collecting-apparatus can most easily perform both acts simultaneously on flowers which present their pollen from below. 6. In order, lastly, to bring the mouth-parts to a resting position, or to use the mandibles, the bee brings into action simultaneously all the four folding move- ments of which its proboscis is capable. I
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