. Railway maintenance engineering, with notes on construction . the tie at this point by in-creasing the radius of the fillet connecting the upper flangewith the web. Fig. 46 is a view of the Bessemer and Lake Erie track laid withsteel ties. 27. Concrete Ties.—Probably no form of reinforced concretetie has been made which is suitable for heavy and high-speed 76 RAILWAY MAINTENANCE traffic. The real field of usefulness for the concrete tie appears tohe in its apphcation in places where speed is slow and where con-ditions are especially adverse to the life of wood or metal. The Kimbal concrete t
. Railway maintenance engineering, with notes on construction . the tie at this point by in-creasing the radius of the fillet connecting the upper flangewith the web. Fig. 46 is a view of the Bessemer and Lake Erie track laid withsteel ties. 27. Concrete Ties.—Probably no form of reinforced concretetie has been made which is suitable for heavy and high-speed 76 RAILWAY MAINTENANCE traffic. The real field of usefulness for the concrete tie appears tohe in its apphcation in places where speed is slow and where con-ditions are especially adverse to the life of wood or metal. The Kimbal concrete tie illustrated in Fig. 47 is composedof two blocks of concrete, one under each rail, connected by meansof a heavy iron bar. Placed on top of each block of concrete is ablock of wood upon which rests the rail. The wood blocks servethe double purpose of affording an elastic cushion for the rail andas a means of spiking the rail to the tie. Concrete ties do not seem to possess sufficient elasticityto absorb the shocks of the wheels and have a tendency to dis-. FiG. 46.—Track Laid with Steel Ties. integrate under traffic. This has led to a modification of theseties in which the concrete is encased in a steel shell. Two designsof this latter type have been experimented with, the Riegler tie,fifteen of which were put in the main track of the PennsylvaniaLines, in May, 1908, where they are subject to very heavy traffic,and are apparently giving satisfactory service; and the Atwoodsteel tie. Several of the Atwood ties were installed on the Pitts-burgh and Lake Erie Railroad in October, 1908. These gave goodresults, but suggested some improvements in design. Fig. 48shows the most recent design of the Atwood tie. TIES 77 This tie is not strictly a concrete tie. Mr. Atwood states:* The fact that concrete is used as a filler and to keep the two portionsof the steel tie in alignment and to gauge does not constitute this a con-crete tie. A tie is for the purpose of supporting the load th
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