Engineering and Contracting . ime. The simplest method forpreventing this, and the one which has beenproven satisfactory and sufficient, is the singlestake. As a general practice stakes from10 to lo ft. in length should be used, with 3ft. below ground. The portion below groundshould be tarred, so that it will not decay. Ifthe tarred area is carried up for a foot aboveground level the danger is lessened still these are driven in about 10 or 12 ins. fromthe base of the tree the root will not be dam-aged, and the tree wi>ll be held in place. Theusual practice is to tie the tree to the
Engineering and Contracting . ime. The simplest method forpreventing this, and the one which has beenproven satisfactory and sufficient, is the singlestake. As a general practice stakes from10 to lo ft. in length should be used, with 3ft. below ground. The portion below groundshould be tarred, so that it will not decay. Ifthe tarred area is carried up for a foot aboveground level the danger is lessened still these are driven in about 10 or 12 ins. fromthe base of the tree the root will not be dam-aged, and the tree wi>ll be held in place. Theusual practice is to tie the tree to the stakeat several points with soft hemp rope. If thiscan be run through rubber hose, so muchthe better. After eight or ten years the treeshave usually outgrown the need of the stakeand it can be removed, repointed and retarredand used for other smaller trees. In many cities it has been found that treesare subject to mutilation by horses are two methods of combatting thisdifficulty. The way very commonly used in. Fig. 6. Satisfactory Type of Wooden TreeGuard. the East, and in a desultory way by private in-dividuals in California, is to provide a guardof some description. These guards vary froma roll of 2-in. hexagonal wire mesh to a wood-en frame, such as is commonly us^cd in Wash-ington, D. C, (Fig, 6) or an elaborate ironguard. For old trees the wire mesh guardis entirely adequate, and for young trees awire mesh guard, supplemented with stoutstakes, will answer all purposes. The wooden guard is a little more eflfective and is reason-ably durable. The only advantage of the ironguard is its durability, and, in some cases, itsbeauty. Unfortunately, there are many timeswhen it is not a thing of beauty. Of all these,the iron guard is the most durable and themost expensive, the expense in most cases be-ing prohibitive. Instead of incurring this expense, some ofour southern California towns have enactedordinances which prevent hitching to or neara tree, within a certai
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