The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . on, the first place is taken by capital;capital hires labour, and not the reverse, as is thecase in artels of the second type. Such arteh areformed on the principles of the hire system. 4. Finally, those of the fourth type avail themselvesexclusively of hired labour. This short definition of the various types of artels showsthat the fundamental characteristic of these co-operativeorganisations is labour. With the growth of capitalism and under the influencettf the changes it had wrought in the economic life ofRussia
The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . on, the first place is taken by capital;capital hires labour, and not the reverse, as is thecase in artels of the second type. Such arteh areformed on the principles of the hire system. 4. Finally, those of the fourth type avail themselvesexclusively of hired labour. This short definition of the various types of artels showsthat the fundamental characteristic of these co-operativeorganisations is labour. With the growth of capitalism and under the influencettf the changes it had wrought in the economic life ofRussia the artel movement begins to subside. Neverthe-less, the artel still forms an institution in Russian life. CO-OPERATION IN RUSSIA. 41 111 the absence of a widespread trade union movement,it defended the interest of the workei-s perhaps bett-er thanany other organisation during the pre-refonn time and thetwo subsequent decades. Arte/s ill tin K a star Industries. The kustar industries, , the Russian home industries,occupy an important place in the economy of the Russian. Workshop of an Artel in Arohangkl. State. The kustar is a jieasant, or working man, whopursues a certain trade either l^y or with tiie assist-ance of his wife, children, sometimes with a help or morefrom outside. The work is done mostly in the dwelling-house of the kustar, in one of the living rooms. To a con-siderable extent the kustar industries are seasonal, workbeing done in the winter months, when the peasants are 42 co-()1i;ka1K)N ln JUsyiA. fret from their aLj^ricult ural occu])atious. Tlu tiadesj)ursiu(l arc mostly of a kind which do not require muchinitial outlay; the /,-iist(i/s have established themselves incertain branches of the toy-making, tailoring, boot and shoptrades, and cutlerv. A large number of the kusfrns workin artels. There are no exact statistics on the knstar , not long ago authorities on the Cjuestion haveestimated the number of kustars in the whole of Ru
Size: 1840px × 1358px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookidcooperativemovem00bubn
