. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 278 EXICO, CENTEAL AMEEICA, WEST INDIES. when Lakes Nicaragua and Managua formed a continuous basin which sent its overflow to the Pacific at the Gulf of Fonseca. From that epoch dates the intro- duction of the marine species, which have gradually adapted themselves to the fresh waters of Lake Nicaragua. Gil Gonzalez de Avila was assured by the natives that Lake Xolotlan (Man- agua) had an emissary flowing directly to the " Gulf of Chorotega " (Fonseca), but that the outflow was arrested by a lava stream from Momotorabo. The emissary is
. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 278 EXICO, CENTEAL AMEEICA, WEST INDIES. when Lakes Nicaragua and Managua formed a continuous basin which sent its overflow to the Pacific at the Gulf of Fonseca. From that epoch dates the intro- duction of the marine species, which have gradually adapted themselves to the fresh waters of Lake Nicaragua. Gil Gonzalez de Avila was assured by the natives that Lake Xolotlan (Man- agua) had an emissary flowing directly to the " Gulf of Chorotega " (Fonseca), but that the outflow was arrested by a lava stream from Momotorabo. The emissary is now represented by the Estero Real, while Managua sought another issue southwards to Lake Nicaragua, and thus became a tributary of the Atlantic. A slight upheaval would still suffice to convert Managua into a closed basin. Fig. 121.—Marrabios Range and Lake Managua. Scale 1 : 1,400, 30 utiles. During the rains it feeds an emissary which at the Tipitapa salfo has a picturesque fall of 17 or 18 feet ; but in the dry season there is no continuous current, the water slowly percolating through the sands and fissures of the rocks. A dry space of over four miles separates the outflow from the estero of Panaloya, which, although presenting the appearance of a river, is merely a tranquil backwater communicatino: with Lake Nicaragua. Even during the rains Tipitapa is completely obstructed by reefs, and in 1836 Belcher had to transport a boat from one lake to the other. Hence it is all the more surprising that projectors of interoceanic canals should represent Tipitapa as the natural prolongation of a great transisthmian canal. Managua itself, although over 400 square miles in extent, is obstructed by shoals, which render it. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Reclus, Elisée, 1830-1905; Ravenstein
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