. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LEPIDOPTERID FLOWERS 125 Many Butterfly Flowers are distinguished by an agreeable and often very powerful odour, that not infrequently resembles vanilla, and this strongly attracts the special visitors. Moth Flowers, as Sprengel long ago stated {'Entd. Geh.,' p. 16), are white and devoid of nectar-guides (cf. p. 6). They possess, however, an odour that is frequently very powerful, and which is perceived from a great distance by the moths which visit and poll
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LEPIDOPTERID FLOWERS 125 Many Butterfly Flowers are distinguished by an agreeable and often very powerful odour, that not infrequently resembles vanilla, and this strongly attracts the special visitors. Moth Flowers, as Sprengel long ago stated {'Entd. Geh.,' p. 16), are white and devoid of nectar-guides (cf. p. 6). They possess, however, an odour that is frequently very powerful, and which is perceived from a great distance by the moths which visit and pollinate them. Kerner (' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, pp. 208, 209), for example, narrates that during the daytime he marked a Convolvulus Hawk-moth (Sphinx convolvuli) with vermilion, and set it down at a distance of 100 metres from a honeysuckle plant (Lonicera Caprifolium). ' When twilight fell the hawk- moth began to wave the feelers which serve it as olfactory organs hither and thither a few times, then stretched its wings and flew like an arrow through the garden towards the honeysuckle.' When Kerner got there, he found the moth sprinkled with ver- milion fluttering in front of the honeysuckle flowers and sucking nectar. It must therefore have perceived the odour of the blossoms from a distance of 100 metres. The strong aromatic odour of the flowers belonging to this group becomes especially noticeable towards evening, while by day it may entirely or almost entirely disappear. Moth Flowers open exclusively or chiefly at dusk. The most highly specialized flowers of this group are those in which the nectar is hidden so deeply. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Knuth, Paul, 1854-1899; Knuth, Paul, 1854-1899; Mu?ller, Hermann, 1829-1883; Ainsworth Davis, J. R. (James Richard), 1861-1934. Oxford
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