. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Horses; Veterinary anatomy. THE PHARYNX. 443 the mucoiis membrane, in the neighbourhood of the guttural opening, the nasal cavities, and the Eustachian tubes. Lorge has described a lymphoid gland, analogous to the pharyngeal amygdalae described by KoUiker, at the bottom of the diverticulum between the Eustachian tubes. 2. Fibrous layer.—This is also named the pharyngeal aponeurosis. It com- mences at the base of the cranium, is first seen on the posterior face of the pharynx, then it passes beneath the muscular layer, where it gradually be
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Horses; Veterinary anatomy. THE PHARYNX. 443 the mucoiis membrane, in the neighbourhood of the guttural opening, the nasal cavities, and the Eustachian tubes. Lorge has described a lymphoid gland, analogous to the pharyngeal amygdalae described by KoUiker, at the bottom of the diverticulum between the Eustachian tubes. 2. Fibrous layer.—This is also named the pharyngeal aponeurosis. It com- mences at the base of the cranium, is first seen on the posterior face of the pharynx, then it passes beneath the muscular layer, where it gradually becomes thinner. It is attached infcriorly to the cartilages of the larynx, and to a fibrous cord that separates the pharynx from the a>sophagus. 3. Muscular layer.—This is composed of six pairs of muscles, indicated in Fig. PHARYXX OF THE HORSE (POSTERIOR VIEW). T, Trachea; t, thyroid gland ; O, oesophagus ; e, e. Eustachian tubes, divided near their termination in the pharynx. 1, Pterygo-pharyngeus, or superior constrictor; 2, 2, stylo-pharyngeal muscles; 3. 3, great cornua of the os hyoideus; 4, hyo-pharyngeus, or middle constrictor; 5, 5, thyro- pharyngeus, or thyroid fasciculus of the inferior constrictor; 6, crico-oesophageus; 7, superior longitudinal oesophageal muscle; 8, origin of the oesophagus; 9, posterior crico-arytaenoid muscle. the following enumeration : the palato-pharyngeus, pterygo-pharyngeus^ hyo- pharyngeus, thyro-pharyngeus, rrico-pharyngeufi, sfylo-pharyngeus. Palato-pharyngeus (Pharyngo-sfaphylinus).—This muscle, which has already been described as belonging to the soft palate, is prolonged backwards on the lateral wall of the pharynx, where its fibres are mixed with those of the pterygo-pharyngeus, and go to be attached to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, by passing beneath the hyo-pharyngeus and thyro-pharyngeus Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced
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