Organic and functional nervous diseases; a text-book of neurology . If on the left side, they usually produceparaphasia like the lesions of the island of Reil. Lesions of the corpora quadrigemina are very rare. If the anteriorpair are involved, oculomotor palsy, loss of pupil reflex, strabismus,and nystagmus may be produced. If the posterior pair are involveddisturbances of co5rdination and of hearing may be caused. As bothpairs are usually affected together, the combination of these symptoms 148 DIAGNOSIS AND LOCALIZATION OF BEAIN DISEASES. may aid in diagnosis. Blindness is such a common sym
Organic and functional nervous diseases; a text-book of neurology . If on the left side, they usually produceparaphasia like the lesions of the island of Reil. Lesions of the corpora quadrigemina are very rare. If the anteriorpair are involved, oculomotor palsy, loss of pupil reflex, strabismus,and nystagmus may be produced. If the posterior pair are involveddisturbances of co5rdination and of hearing may be caused. As bothpairs are usually affected together, the combination of these symptoms 148 DIAGNOSIS AND LOCALIZATION OF BEAIN DISEASES. may aid in diagnosis. Blindness is such a common symptom of cere-bral disease that it is only when it is not due to choked disk, opticatrophy, or neuritis, and when it is not of the nature of hemianopsia,that it is to be thought a local symptom of quadrigeminal lesion, andsome cases seem to show that it may not occur from a lesion there. Adefective action of the same branches of the oculomotor nerves on bothsides is rather more characteristic of quadrigeminal disease than thetotal affection of one nerve. Fig. Jiad-jinteriores W~ Position of the nuclei of the cranial nerves. The medulla and pons to be imagined as nuclei of origin (motor), black ; the end nuclei (sensory), red. (Edinger.) Lesions of the tegmentum of the crura cerebri, which lies beneath thecorpora quadrigemina. Since the sensory tracts pass through thisregion, anaesthesia may be produced by such a lesion, and the prox-imity of the corpora quadrigemina will give rise to indirect localsymptoms of their affection. Lesions of the red nucleus cause thesame state of incoordination that occurs when the posterior pair of thecorpora quadrigemina are involved. They also cause paralysis of thethird nerve, which passes through this nucleus. Lesions of the footof the crus cerebri, in which the motor tract passes, cause hemiplegiaof the opposite side. As the third nerve issues through the foot ofthe crus, a lesion here causes a paralysis of this nerve on th
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