. Biological stains; a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy); Stains and Staining; Dyes. 212 Biological Stains factured are largely species of the genus known as Indigofera, al- though some indigo-bearing plants are recognized by botanists as belonging to different genera. In these plants is a glucoside, indican, which is converted by fermentation into the dye indigo. Various formulae have been given for indigo; the one favored at present is based upon its method of artificial manufacture: rY CO CO c=c I I \ / \ /\/
. Biological stains; a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy); Stains and Staining; Dyes. 212 Biological Stains factured are largely species of the genus known as Indigofera, al- though some indigo-bearing plants are recognized by botanists as belonging to different genera. In these plants is a glucoside, indican, which is converted by fermentation into the dye indigo. Various formulae have been given for indigo; the one favored at present is based upon its method of artificial manufacture: rY CO CO c=c I I \ / \ /\/ NH NH C16H10N2O2; Mol. Wt. In this formula the exact chromophore group is uncertain; but the ketone group (CO) in a closed ring occurs so often in dyes that it is regarded as probably having chromophoric properties; the same is true of the C = C linkage. ul2 INDIGO-CARMINE C. I. NO. I180 Synonym: Indigotine la. This is the sodium salt of indigo disulfonic acid: NaS03 CO CO SOsNa. Ci6H8N208S2Na2; Mol Wt. Indigo carmine is a blue dye of acid properties, which is sometimes used as a plasma stain in contrast to some red dye such as carmine or basic fuchsin (see Shumway, 1926), sometimes hematoxylin. A few special applications of the stain can be mentioned: by Petragnani (1928), mixed with acid fuchsin, as a stain for Negri bodies; by Cuyler (1932), mixed with eosin Y, as a counterstain to hematoxylin for staining vaginal smears; by Brozek (see Hruby, 1933) in plant cytology where it is used in picric acid solution in contrast to basic fuchsin; by Kempton, Bott and Richards (1937) for uretral injection in studies of glomerular excretion. For use in Fraenkel's method for elastic tissue, see Staining Procedures, ul5 BeRBERINE C. I. NO. 1137 Berberine was originally obtained from barberry and is some- times called barberry extract. It is found in other plants, how- ever, and can also be prepared synthetically. It has the following formula:. Please note that th
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