Oxygen (O). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of oxygen-16 (atomic number: 8)
Oxygen (O). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of oxygen-16 (atomic number: 8), the most common isotope of the element oxygen. The nucleus consists of 8 protons (red) and 8 neutrons (orange). Eight electrons (white) occupy available electron shells (rings). The stability of an element's outer (valence) electrons determines its chemical and physical properties. Oxygen, vital for life on Earth, is a non-metal in group 16, period 2, and the p-block of the periodic table. As a gas (O2) it forms 20 percent of the atmosphere. It liquefies at minus 219 degrees Celsius.
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Photo credit: © CARLOS CLARIVAN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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