. The Alumni journal. College of Pharmacy of the City of New York; Pharmacology. Vol. II. PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK New York, October, 1895- No. 10. WHAT IS BARK? By H. H. RUSBY, M. D. This question has recently come for- ward in a way which is liable to occasion some inconvenient discrepancies between usage and authority unless those who constitute our authority shall give due weight to the claims of conservatism and good practice. It is answered in two ways. The first is the practical method of framing a definition based upon the o
. The Alumni journal. College of Pharmacy of the City of New York; Pharmacology. Vol. II. PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK New York, October, 1895- No. 10. WHAT IS BARK? By H. H. RUSBY, M. D. This question has recently come for- ward in a way which is liable to occasion some inconvenient discrepancies between usage and authority unless those who constitute our authority shall give due weight to the claims of conservatism and good practice. It is answered in two ways. The first is the practical method of framing a definition based upon the obvious structural characters in which all barks agree, without regard to their origin. This definition, for convenience of discussion, we may designate as the practical one. The other is by beginning at the opposite end and fixing the limits of the bark in accordance with the prim- ary structural element which gives origin to it. This we may designate as the morphological definition. The former method gives us a definition which in- cludes all those structures which have come to be recognized under the name "bark," not only in commerce and every day usage, but in literature as well. The latter gives us one which has the merit of conforming strictly to morphological principle, but which it is absolutely im- possible to apply in practice. By it, to illustrate, a Calisaya "bark" taken from the tree at one age will include the whole of the bark; that taken later may contain not one particle of if, and it will be im- possible in practice for any one to deter- mine precisely when this stage has been reached. If the growing point of any stem or root yielding commercial bark be exam- ined in microscopical section, it will be found to consist of three portions which are readily distinguishable by slight differences in the cells respectively which compose them. The center is a solid cylindrical mass, known as the plerom. Surrounding this is a hollow cylinder of tissue
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