. Stoichiometry . ve istermed by Kuenen the plait point temperature, and by Caubetthe critical temperature. The point R at which the border curvehas a tangent parallel to the/-axis is termed by Kuenen the critical Kuenen, Ethane and Butane, Proc. Roy. Soc. Ediii., vol. 21. MIX TURES 265 point of contact; it gives the maximum temperature on the bordercurve. At all temperatures below the plait point /p, vaporization or con-densation at constant temperature takes place in the ordinarymanner ; starting with saturated vapour and compressing the mixture,condensation takes place, and the volume of li
. Stoichiometry . ve istermed by Kuenen the plait point temperature, and by Caubetthe critical temperature. The point R at which the border curvehas a tangent parallel to the/-axis is termed by Kuenen the critical Kuenen, Ethane and Butane, Proc. Roy. Soc. Ediii., vol. 21. MIX TURES 265 point of contact; it gives the maximum temperature on the bordercurve. At all temperatures below the plait point /p, vaporization or con-densation at constant temperature takes place in the ordinarymanner ; starting with saturated vapour and compressing the mixture,condensation takes place, and the volume of liquid continuouslyincreases and the pressure rises until all the vapour has temperatures higher than the maximum /„ the substance behaveslike a pure substance above its critical point, no liquid being formedunder any pressure. At intermediate temperatures a remarkablephenomenon is observed, condensation beginning at the lowerpressure at which the vertical line of constant temperature intersects 100. 40 I40° 160 60° 80° 100° 120^ Temperature CentigradeFig. 71. the border curve, the liquid increasing in amount with rise of pres-sure to a maximum, then diminishing and finally disappearing at thepressure corresponding to the point where the vertical line intersectsthe upper branch of the border curve. This phenomenon was observed by Cailletet in 1880,^ in thecase of a mixture of carbon dioxide and air, and subsequently byVan der Waals, and by Andrews. It was carefully and thoroughlyinvestigated by Kuenen, by whom it was termed retrograde condensa-tiofi. Several observers- described the appearance of three phases, ^ Compt. rend., 90, 210. ^ Pictet, Compt. rend., loo, 329 (1885); Wroblewski, Wied, Ann., 26, 134(1885) ; Dewar, Proc. Roy. Soc, 30, 538 (t88o). 266 STOICHTOMRTRV two liquid and one vapour. Ramsay and Young ^ found that, witha mixture of alcohol and ether, two liquid phases could be tempor-arily produced at 210° by allowing some of the vapour in the up
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