A manual of diseases of the throat and nose : including the pharynx, larynx, trachea, oesophagus, nose and naso-pharynx . ik der (Esophaguskraukheiten, Erlangen, 1871. Hamburgers views, however,had been developed previously in a series of papers in the Oesterreich. Med. Jahrb.,1867, 1868, 1869. EXAMINATION OF THE GULLET. 7 intermingling of air and water is greatly diminished, and the true oesophagealsound may often be detected. The sound which is heard conveys the ideaof the rapid passing downward of a small spindle-shaped body of fluidconsistence. The sound is sharp and sudden, and ceases abr
A manual of diseases of the throat and nose : including the pharynx, larynx, trachea, oesophagus, nose and naso-pharynx . ik der (Esophaguskraukheiten, Erlangen, 1871. Hamburgers views, however,had been developed previously in a series of papers in the Oesterreich. Med. Jahrb.,1867, 1868, 1869. EXAMINATION OF THE GULLET. 7 intermingling of air and water is greatly diminished, and the true oesophagealsound may often be detected. The sound which is heard conveys the ideaof the rapid passing downward of a small spindle-shaped body of fluidconsistence. The sound is sharp and sudden, and ceases abruptly. Ham-burger describes it as being suggestive of an egg-shaped body, about aninch in length, and half an inch in breadth, the small end of the egg beingabove and the large end below. He is also of opinion that the shape ofthe morsel affords a strong indication as to the condition of the muscularwalls of the oesophagus, the lower end of the morsel or egg-shaped bodybeing blunted or truncated in proportion to the feebleness of the muscularaction. These, however, are refinements which it is difficult to arrive Fig. 1.—Diagram showing the Situation and Curves, of the CEsophagus and its Relation to the SpinousProcesses, Scapulae, and Bifurcation of the Trachea. a, inferior curved line of occipital bone about five-eighths of an inch below the occipital protuberance, indicating the commencement of the pharynx : 6, fifthcervical vertebra, at which spot the cesophagus commences (this spinous process can be easily recognized fromits relative position to the vertebra prominens. usually the seventh): c, second dorsal vertebra; d, sixthdorsal spine; e, ninth dorsal spine. The upper third of the gullet therefore corresponds to the distancebetween & and c, the middle third to the distance between c and d, and the lower third to the distance be-tween d and e. The position of the bifurcation of the bronchi from the trachea is seen to be in the middlethird. The principal points which
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, bookpublisherne, booksubjectnose
