. The industries of Russia . ions on the windswith percentages. They show that from north to south and especially in the directionof south-east the number of east and north-east winds constantly increases, and of westwinds, decreases; so that in the extreme south even during summer the western windsare rarely observed. TABLE. Winter. Summer. N. N. E. E. S. E. S. S. W. W. N. W. N. N. E. E. S. E. S. S. W. W. Govts, of Vologda and Kostroma. 6 3 6 15 19 25 16 11 12 11 7 7 9 19 18 17 Moscow, Vladimir .12 6 8 11 17 15 19 12 15 8 8 9 11 15 20 14 Oriol, Kursk ... 5 10 8 27 8 17 9 16 8 12 6 16 6 2
. The industries of Russia . ions on the windswith percentages. They show that from north to south and especially in the directionof south-east the number of east and north-east winds constantly increases, and of westwinds, decreases; so that in the extreme south even during summer the western windsare rarely observed. TABLE. Winter. Summer. N. N. E. E. S. E. S. S. W. W. N. W. N. N. E. E. S. E. S. S. W. W. Govts, of Vologda and Kostroma. 6 3 6 15 19 25 16 11 12 11 7 7 9 19 18 17 Moscow, Vladimir .12 6 8 11 17 15 19 12 15 8 8 9 11 15 20 14 Oriol, Kursk ... 5 10 8 27 8 17 9 16 8 12 6 16 6 21 10 21 Kharkov, Poltava, Voltchansk ... 5 12 22 8 9 14 18 12 8 10 15 7 6 15 24 15 Lougansk and lower parts of the Don. 8 14 24 9 9 11 19 6 10 11 19 7 8 9 24 12 Astrakhan .... 4 24 21 17 3 7 8 16 5 19 10 23* 6 13 9 15 Lower parts of Amu-Darya 15 32 17 12 5 5 8 6 30 29 7 6 2 3 8 15 * Sea breeze. C %. % MAP OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION. Chapter ,Map N?2. % A B. C T X C O C t. A TS ^0<f %-—-^1 I. Kokjuev /-z ) \. A CO*9 X ^ ,»p^~^ STAVROPOL i/t—^ %EKATERINOD*Ky . /SZjSP LAC K -> 150C v 800- 9 ° *US*V^*«Jx , tf Ji> ? V*200 Annual atmospheric precipitation in mi Hi meters-. Cartographical works THE CLIMATE. » Consequently altliough the western winds predominate during the summer in thesouth of Russia, there are also frequent eastern winds. The latter are warm and dry insummer and very detrimental to general vegetation. In the more northern parts of Rus-sia, during summer western winds also prevail, and eastern winds are rare. In the part of Russia of the so-called black-earth region observation shows thattwo-thirds of the sky is covered with clouds; however, this may not be so unfavourablefor vegetation as might at first be supposed. The most cloudy months during thewinter are from November to January. The great cloudiness of these months is evenfavourable, as it protects the soil from cooling. During the
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