. Catalogue of casts of fossils, from the principal museums of Europe and America, with short descriptions and illustrations. Fossils. 38 VEETEBEATA. No. 145. Elephas primigenras, Blum. Eight Tibia. From the same locality and Museum. Size, 25 x 10. Price, $ No. 146. Mastodon giganteus, Cuv. Skull and Lower Jaw. Masto- dont remains were first discovered at Albany, N. Y., and described by Dr. Mather in the Philosophical Transac- tions for 1712. The first specimens seen in Europe were found thirty years after, by Longueil, on the edge of a marsh near the Ohio River, and hence the French cal
. Catalogue of casts of fossils, from the principal museums of Europe and America, with short descriptions and illustrations. Fossils. 38 VEETEBEATA. No. 145. Elephas primigenras, Blum. Eight Tibia. From the same locality and Museum. Size, 25 x 10. Price, $ No. 146. Mastodon giganteus, Cuv. Skull and Lower Jaw. Masto- dont remains were first discovered at Albany, N. Y., and described by Dr. Mather in the Philosophical Transac- tions for 1712. The first specimens seen in Europe were found thirty years after, by Longueil, on the edge of a marsh near the Ohio River, and hence the French called the unknown creature, the animal of the ; Bones have since been found as high as 70 ° N. But they mainly frequented a more tem- perate zone ; and we have no evidence that any species was specially fitted like the Mammoth to brave the rigors of an arctic winter. Humboldt ftmnd a tooth near the volcano of Imbaburra, at an elevation of 7,200 feet. The remains occur chiefly in the United States, Europe, and India. Mastodons were the earliest of elephantoid mammals. They are distinguished from the Elephants by their less complex molars; flatter cranium; smaller development of the frontal air-cells, presenting a less intelligent character; more elongated body, but not much, if any, higher; and limbs proportionately shorter and stronger. The teeth differed less from those of the older tapiroid Pachyderms than do the grinders of the true Elephants. The surface, instead of being cleft into numerous thin plates, was divided into wedge-shaped transverse ridges, and the summit of these were sub- divided into smaller cones, more or less resembling nipples, whence the name. When worn, the protuberances become truncated into a lozenge form. Bronn and Owen state that the Mastodon is characterized by lower incisors (tusks) and by molars which are replaced from back to front, excepting one or more milk-mo. lars ; while in the Elephant there are no inferior incisors, and all the mo
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